ABOUT SSNs/TINs ON TAX CORRESPONDENCE
Forms #04.104/07.004
It is VERY important that we fully understand why and how the government uses numbers to identify us both on forms and in their computer systems, why it does this, and all the affects upon our rights. In fact, if you want to discontinue voluntary participation in the federal and state income tax systems, the absolute most important thing you can do is to eliminate all identifying numbers in connection with you. Understanding this can literally mean the difference between being a free person and a government slave. If you like this article, a PDF version of it suitable for use as a Memorandum of Law to attach to court pleadings is also available below:
About SSNs/TINs on Government Forms and Tax Correspondence, Form #05.012
DIRECT LINK: http://sedm.org/Forms/MemLaw/AboutSSNsAndTINs.pdf
FORMS PAGE: http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm
The federal government uses two types of identifying numbers:
| Number type | Issuing authority | Issuing agency | Issued to | Instructions | Application form(s) | Notes |
| Social Security Number (SSN) | 20 CFR §422.103 | Social Security Administration | Statutory “U.S. citizens” pursuant to 8 U.S.C. §1401 ; Permanent residents pursuant to 8 U.S.C. §1101(a)(3) | Used to apply for Social security participation. Available only the statutory “U.S. citizens” and permanent residents pursuant to 20 CFR §422.104. | ||
| Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) | 26 U.S.C. §6109 | Internal Revenue Service | “U.S. persons” pursuant to 26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(30) ONLY. Perjury statement requires you to swear you are a “U.S. person” | Application says to use Form W-8 instead if you are not a “U.S. person”. | ||
| Individual Taxpayer Identification Number |
26 CFR §301.6109-1(d)(3) |
Internal Revenue Service | Aliens or nonresident aliens who are not “U.S. persons” and are not eligible for Social Security |
IRS Publication 1915 : Understanding Your Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) |
W-7: Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) |
An ITIN is a tax processing number, issued by the Internal Revenue Service, for certain resident and nonresident aliens, their spouses, and their dependents. It is a nine-digit number beginning with the number “9”, has a range of numbers from “70” to “88” for the fourth and fifth digits and is formatted like a SSN (i.e. 9XX-7XXXXX).Application must be attached to a valid U.S. return. No tax return will cause application to be rejected. Used in the case of foreign persons who do not qualify for a Social Security Number because not a statutory “U.S. citizen” or permanent resident. |
| Employer Identification Number (EIN) | 26 CFR §301.6109-1(b) | Internal Revenue Service | Businesses who want to engage in federal franchises. | IRS Circular E: Employer's Tax Guide | SS-4: Application for Employer Identification Number | Not eligible for this number if not part of the government. "Employer" defined in 26 U.S.C. §3401(d) as an entity that has "employees". "Employee" is then defined in 5 U.S.C. §2105(a), 26 U.S.C. §3401(c ), and 26 CFR §31.3401(c )-1 as a public officer and not a private employee.. |
No positive law (OFFSITE LINK) requires anyone to have or use a Social Security Number (SSN). The Social Security Administration admitted exactly this in a letter they sent to us in response to an inquiry about this subject:
All of Title 42 of the U.S. Code (OFFSITE LINK), which has the Social Security code (OFFSITE LINK) embedded within it it, for instance, is not positive law (OFFSITE LINK), according to the legislative notes under 1 U.S.C. §204 (OFFSITE LINK), so that even if the code required it, it would not be enforceable against anyone without their individual consent in some form. Neither have we ever seen anyone from the government ever allege that specific sections within Title 42 are positive law either. They are simply optional guidance for the average individual, and not "law" as a consequence. To call Social Security a "law" is to establish a state-sponsored religion in violation of the First Amendment (OFFSITE LINK), in fact. See the following for abundant confirmation of this fact:
Below is the definition of a "Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN)" (OFFSITE LINK) from the Internal Revenue Code (OFFSITE LINK). Keep in mind that all of Title 26 of the U.S. Code, like Title 42, is NOT positive law and obligates no one to do anything except those who consent to be bound by it by occupying a public office or position of employment within the U.S. government. See Great IRS Hoax (OFFSITE LINK) sections 5.4 through 5.4.3.6 for further details on this:
26 CFR §301.6109-1(d)(3) (OFFSITE LINK)
(3) IRS individual taxpayer identification number --
(i) Definition.
The term IRS individual taxpayer identification number means a taxpayer identifying number issued to an alien individual by the Internal Revenue Service, upon application, for use in connection with filing requirements under this title. The term IRS individual taxpayer identification number does not refer to a social security number or an account number for use in employment for wages. For purposes of this section, the term alien individual means an individual who is not a citizen or national of the United States.
IRS Publication 1915 says that ITINs may be issued to "aliens" or "nonresident aliens", which implies that the term "alien individual" in the regulation above also includes "nonresident alien individuals" as well.
General Information
What is an ITIN?An ITIN is a tax processing number, issued by the Internal Revenue Service, for certain resident and nonresident aliens, their spouses, and their dependents.
It is a nine-digit number beginning with the number “9”, has a range of numbers from “70” to “88” for the fourth and fifth digits and is formatted like a SSN (i.e. 9XX-7XXXXX).
The ITIN is only available to individuals who are required to have a taxpayer identification number for tax purposes but who do not have, and are not eligible to obtain a SSN from the Social Security Administration (SSA). Only individuals who have a valid filing requirement or are filing a tax return to claim a refund of over-withheld tax are eligible to receive an ITIN. Generally a U.S. Federal income tax return must accompany the ITIN application, unless the individual meets one of the “exceptions.” (See “Exceptions”).
Caution: Applications for individuals who are requesting an ITIN as a spouse or a dependent of a primary taxpayer, must attach a valid U.S. Federal income tax return to the Form W-7. ITINs are issued regardless of immigration status because both resident and nonresident aliens may have United States tax return filing and payment responsibilities under the Internal Revenue Code.
[IRS Publication 1915, p. 5, Rev. 9-2007, Catalog Number 22533M;
SOURCE: http://famguardian.org/Subjects/PropertyPrivacy/NumericalID/p1915.pdf]
Consistent with the above, Section 14.1 of the following publication points out the IRS habitually and deliberately confuses "aliens" and "nonresident aliens" in the treasury regulations in order to prevent persons born within and domiciled within states of the Union from claiming the "nonresident alien" status. The above confusion is yet one more example of that deliberate confusion:
Nonresident Alien Position, Form #05.020, Section 14.1
FORMS PAGE: http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm
Those who have quit Social Security consistent with the requirements for being a Member are therefore candidates for requesting and using ITINS and when they file tax returns, are required to attach form W-7 as per IRS Publication 1915 per the above quote from that publication.
The following references govern the interchangeability of Social Security Numbers (SSNs) in place of Taxpayer Identification Numbers (TINs):
TITLE 26 > Subtitle F > CHAPTER 61 > Subchapter B > § 6109
§ 6109. Identifying numbers(d) Use of social security account number
The social security account number issued to an individual for purposes of section 205(c)(2)(A) of the Social Security Act shall, except as shall otherwise be specified under regulations of the Secretary, be used as the identifying number for such individual for purposes of this title.
TITLE 26--INTERNAL REVENUE
CHAPTER I--INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
PART 301_PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION--Table of Contents
Definitions
Sec. 301.7701-11 Social security number.
For purposes of this chapter, the term social security number means the taxpayer identifying number of an individual or estate which is assigned pursuant to section 6011(b) or corresponding provisions of prior law, or pursuant to section 6109, and in which nine digits are separated by hyphens as follows: 000-00-0000. Such term does not include a number with a letter as a suffix which is used to identify an auxiliary beneficiary under the social security program. The terms ``account number'' and ``social security number'' refer to the same number.
[T.D. 7306, 39 FR 9947, Mar. 15, 1974]
TITLE 26 > Subtitle F > CHAPTER 61 > Subchapter A > PART II > Subpart A > § 6011
§ 6011. General requirement of return, statement, or list(b) Identification of taxpayer
The Secretary is authorized to require such information with respect to persons subject to the taxes imposed by chapter 21 or chapter 24 as is necessary or helpful in securing proper identification of such persons.
TITLE 26 > Subtitle F > CHAPTER 79 > § 7701
§ 7701. Definitions(a) When used in this title, where not otherwise distinctly expressed or manifestly incompatible with the intent thereof—
(41) TIN
The term “TIN” means the identifying number assigned to a person under section 6109.
Based on the above, the term “Social Security Number” appearing on IRS forms does not necessarily imply the Social Security Number issued pursuant to the Social Security Act. Instead, it can mean an IRS issued Taxpayer Identification Number instead.
First of all, based on the discussion in section 2 above, the only parties who can be assigned a Social Security Number are federal "employees". The SSN is "public property" owned exclusively by the federal government, as confirmed by the regulations authorizing its issuance:
Title 20: Employees' Benefits
PART 422—ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES
Subpart B—General Procedures§ 422.103 Social security numbers.
(d) Social security number cards.
A person who is assigned a social security number will receive a social security number card from SSA within a reasonable time after the number has been assigned. (See §422.104 regarding the assignment of social security number cards to aliens.) Social security number cards are the property of SSA and must be returned upon request.
Notice that the above regulation is in Title 20, which is “Employee’s Benefits”. If you aren’t an “employee” as defined in 5 U.S.C. §2105, then you can’t receive this “benefit”.
TITLE 5 > PART III > Subpart A > CHAPTER 21 > § 2105
§ 2105. Employee(a) For the purpose of this title, “employee”, except as otherwise provided by this section or when specifically modified, means an officer and an individual who is—
(1) appointed in the civil service by one of the following acting in an official capacity—
(A) the President;
(B) a Member or Members of Congress, or the Congress;
(C) a member of a uniformed service;
(D) an individual who is an employee under this section;
(E) the head of a Government controlled corporation; or
(F) an adjutant general designated by the Secretary concerned under section 709 (c) of title 32;(2) engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; and
(3) subject to the supervision of an individual named by paragraph (1) of this subsection while engaged in the performance of the duties of his position.
(b) An individual who is employed at the United States Naval Academy in the midshipmen’s laundry, the midshipmen’s tailor shop, the midshipmen’s cobbler and barber shops, and the midshipmen’s store, except an individual employed by the Academy dairy (if any), and whose employment in such a position began before October 1, 1996, and has been uninterrupted in such a position since that date is deemed an employee.
(c) An employee paid from nonappropriated funds of the Army and Air Force Exchange Service, Army and Air Force Motion Picture Service, Navy Ship’s Stores Ashore, Navy exchanges, Marine Corps exchanges, Coast Guard exchanges, and other instrumentalities of the United States under the jurisdiction of the armed forces conducted for the comfort, pleasure, contentment, and mental and physical improvement of personnel of the armed forces is deemed not an employee for the purpose of—
(1) laws administered by the Office of Personnel Management, except—
(A) section 7204;
(B) as otherwise specifically provided in this title;
(C) the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938;
(D) for the purpose of entering into an interchange agreement to provide for the noncompetitive movement of employees between such instrumentalities and the competitive service; or
(E) subchapter V of chapter 63, which shall be applied so as to construe references to benefit programs to refer to applicable programs for employees paid from nonappropriated funds; or(2) subchapter I of chapter 81, chapter 84 (except to the extent specifically provided therein), and section 7902 of this title.
This subsection does not affect the status of these nonappropriated fund activities as Federal instrumentalities.(d) A Reserve of the armed forces who is not on active duty or who is on active duty for training is deemed not an employee or an individual holding an office of trust or profit or discharging an official function under or in connection with the United States because of his appointment, oath, or status, or any duties or functions performed or pay or allowances received in that capacity.
(e) Except as otherwise provided by law, an employee of the United States Postal Service or of the Postal Rate Commission is deemed not an employee for purposes of this title.
(f) For purposes of sections 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1221, 1222, 2302, and 7701, employees appointed under chapter 73 or 74 of title 38 shall be employees.
Notice also that the definition of “employee” above:
The only lawful use of "public property", such as a Social Security Number or Social Security Card, is for a "public use". Here is how Black's Law Dictionary very eloquently describes it:
“Public purpose. In the law of taxation, eminent domain, etc., this is a term of classification to distinguish the objects for which, according to settled usage, the government is to provide, from those which, by the like usage, are left to private interest, inclination, or liberality. The constitutional requirement that the purpose of any tax, police regulation, or particular exertion of the power of eminent domain shall be the convenience, safety, or welfare of the entire community and not the welfare of a specific individual or class of persons [such as, for instance, federal benefit recipients as individuals]. “Public purpose” that will justify expenditure of public money generally means such an activity as will serve as benefit to community as a body and which at same time is directly related function of government. Pack v. Southwestern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co., 215 Tenn. 503, 387 S.W.2d 789, 794.
The term is synonymous with governmental purpose. As employed to denote the objects for which taxes may be levied, it has no relation to the urgency of the public need or to the extent of the public benefit which is to follow; the essential requisite being that a public service or use shall affect the inhabitants as a community, and not merely as individuals. A public purpose or public business has for its objective the promotion of the public health, safety, morals, general welfare, security, prosperity, and contentment of all the inhabitants or residents within a given political division, as, for example, a state, the sovereign powers of which are exercised to promote such public purpose or public business.”
[Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition, p. 1231, Emphasis added]
In effect, the number constitutes a license to act as a government employee or "trustee" over public property. The number can only be used in connection with the official employment duties as a federal "employee". If you are a private party who is not acting in a representative capacity (as described in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Rule 17(b)) and not exercising the agency of federal employment or private contracts, you cannot lawfully use such a number and you cannot admit to ever having been issued one. The number, which is public property, can only lawfully be assigned to the custody and possession of the federal "employee" or “public officer” while he is acting as a federal "employee" or "public officer", and not to the private individual. It is the same way with private employers, who will often fire their employees if they take company property home for private use. If you use this public property for private use, then:
TITLE 18 > PART I > CHAPTER 43 > § 912
§ 912. Officer or employee of the United StatesWhoever falsely assumes or pretends to be an officer or employee acting under the authority of the United States or any department, agency or officer thereof, and acts as such, or in such pretended character demands or obtains any money, paper, document, or thing of value, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.
Aside from the above, Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines the word "have" as follows:
"have. 1 a: to hold or maintain as a possession , privilege, or entitlement <they ~ a new car><I ~ my rights> b: to hold in one's use, service, regard, or at one's disposal <the group will ~! enough tickets for everyone>;. . . 2. To feel obligation in regard to --usu. used with an infinitive with to <we ~ things to do> . . .3: to stand in a certain relationship to <~ enemies>.
[Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 1983, ISBN 0-87779-510-X, p. 556]
In order to "have" a number:
Since Social Security Numbers (SSNs) and Taxpayer Identifications Numbers (TINs) do not fit any of the above criteria in the context of taxation, then they cannot be described as "your" number. The Supreme Court, in fact, agreed with these conclusions when it said in Flemming v. Nestor, 363 U.S. 603 (1960) (OFFSITE LINK) that Social Security is not a contract and receipt of benefits is not a "right".
“We must conclude that a person covered by the Act has not such a right in benefit payments… This is not to say, however, that Congress may exercise its power to modify the statutory scheme free of all constitutional restraint.”
[Fleming v. Nestor , 363 U.S. 603 (1960) (OFFSITE LINK)]
Without an contractual entitlement and guarantee, then there is no definite or certain "benefit", which means that one cannot "have" any right or entitlement to anything by virtue of having such a number. Consequently, when one is asked what is "your" number, one can honestly respond by saying:
"I don't have one. Any number the government might have associated me with was involuntary and compelled and I have asked them repeatedly to eliminate this form of 'compelled association' in violation of the First Amendment. The fact that you won't amounts to identity theft, kidnapping, and conspiracy against rights in violation of the Constitution and 18 USC 241"
The Social Security System, in fact, is a Trust. All trusts require three entities to operate:
The Social Security Trust is a "constructive trust",
which is created when you complete and sign the SS-5 form, application for
Social Security. It is constructive, because you never explicitly
signed a trust agreement and agreed to act as a "Trustee", nor was your
consent fully informed of the terms of the trust. The trust document
is the
Social
Security Act of 1935 (OFFSITE LINK), codified in
Title 42 of the U.S. Code (OFFSITE LINK). The assets of
the trust are accumulated from your earnings. The trust is a "social
insurance program" and the federal government is in the "insurance business"
for its federal "employees"
(OFFSITE LINK). The federal Constitution,
Tenth Amendment, forbids the federal government from offering such social
insurance to anything BUT its own "employees",
or offering it anywhere except within its own territories under its exclusive
control. If you don't believe us, look at
IRS form 4029, which identifies Social Security as an "insurance program".
The Social Security Number attaches to the position of "Trustee" of the trust. The all caps person name that is similar to your name is the legal "res" (OFFSITE LINK) or "person" who is:
The so-called Social Security "benefits" that you allegedly receive don't make you the "Beneficiary" of the trust by any stretch of the imagination, but rather simply a federal "employee" and "Trustee" and "fiduciary" over public monies that used to be yours but became public monies when you joined the program and agreed to act as "Trustee". When you filled out and signed the W-4 form, which is a contract (see 26 CFR §31.3401(a)-3), you obligated yourself to several things under the terms of the contract or what the government calls a "voluntary withholding agreement". In effect, you signed a private contract with the U.S. government to become part of the government and thereby qualify for federal employee benefits, including "social insurance":
"Men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights,-'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness;' and to 'secure,' not grant or create, these rights, governments are instituted. That property which a man has honestly acquired he retains full control of, subject to these limitations: First, that he shall not use it to his neighbor's injury, and that does not mean that he must use it for his neighbor's benefit; second, that if he devotes it to a public use, he gives to the public a right to control that use [through the Internal Revenue Code, in this case]; and third, that whenever the public needs require, the public may take it upon payment of due compensation.
[Budd v. People of State of New York, 143 U.S. 517 (1892)]
"Sec. 31.3402(p)-1 Voluntary withholding agreements.
(a) In general.
An employee and his employer may enter into an agreement under section 3402(b) to provide for the withholding of income tax upon payments of amounts described in paragraph (b)(1) of Sec. 31.3401(a)-3, made after December 31, 1970. An agreement may be entered into under this section only with respect to amounts which are includible in the gross income of the employee under section 61, and must be applicable to all such amounts paid by the employer to the employee. "
As a voluntary "Trustee", you become a "fiduciary" (OFFSITE LINK) under 26 U.S.C. §6901 (OFFSITE LINK) and a "transferee" under 26 U.S.C. §6903 (OFFSITE LINK) over federal property, which includes the Social Security Number and the Social Security card. The Social Security retirement benefits, in fact, simply represent deferred federal employment compensation as a "Trustee". All employment compensation is paid to this "Trustee" and not to you as a natural and private person. The payment checks are sent to the all caps Trustee, not the lower case you the natural person. You must consent or agree by your actions to represent this Trustee in order to cash these deferred employment compensation payments to the Trustee called Social Security Checks. No one can compel you to act as a "Trustee". To do otherwise would be to institute involuntary servitude in violation of the Thirteenth Amendment (OFFSITE LINK). Because of the provisions of the Thirteenth Amendment, you can resign at any time as "Trustee" but the government is going to make it very difficult for you to discover how to resign because they want to keep the federal gravy train and your earnings running right up to their front porch.
If you want to know how to indefinitely terminate your federal "employee" position and your role as "Trustee", please consult our free pamphlet below. You can also use the completed version of this form as proof that you are not a federal "employee" and therefore do not qualify to have or use a number:
Resignation of Compelled Social Security Trustee, Form #06.002
DIRECT LINK:http://sedm.org/Forms/AvoidingFranch/SSTrustIndenture.pdf
FORMS PAGE: http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm
If you want to remove all such numbers from your personal account so the change character from public property back to private property, please see section 7 of our article below:
About the IRS Form W-8BEN, Form #04.202
DIRECT LINK: http://sedm.org/Forms/Tax/Withholding/W-8BEN/AboutIRSFormW-8BEN.htm
FORMS PAGE: http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm
First of all, who may Social Security Numbers be issued to? The answer is found in 20 CFR §422.104:
Code of Federal Regulations
CHAPTER III--SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
PART 422_ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES--Table of Contents
Subpart B_General Procedures
Sec. 422.104 Who can be assigned a social security number.
(a) Persons eligible for SSN assignment. We can assign you a social security number if you meet the evidence requirements in §422.107 and you are:
(1) A United States citizen; or
(2) An alien lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence or under other authority of law permitting you to work in the United States (§422.105 describes how we determine if a nonimmigrant alien is permitted to work in the United States); or
(3) An alien who cannot provide evidence of alien status showing lawful admission to the U.S., or an alien with evidence of lawful admission but without authority to work in the U.S., if the evidence described in §422.107(e) does not exist, but only for a valid nonwork reason. We consider you to have a valid nonwork reason if:
(i) You need a social security number to satisfy a Federal statute or regulation that requires you to have a social security number in order to receive a Federally-funded benefit to which you have otherwise established entitlement and you reside either in or outside the U.S.; or
(ii) You need a social security number to satisfy a State or local law that requires you to have a social security number in order to receive public assistance benefits to which you have otherwise established entitlement, and you are legally in the United States.
(b) Annotation for a nonwork purpose. If we assign you a social security number as an alien for a nonwork purpose, we will indicate in our records that you are not authorized to work. We will also mark your social security card with a legend such as “NOT VALID FOR EMPLOYMENT.” If earnings are reported to us on your number, we will inform the Department of Homeland Security of the reported earnings.
[68 FR 55308, Sept. 25, 2003]
The section above very deceptively doesn't indicate that the main prerequisite of receiving a number is that one is acting as or agrees to act as a federal "employee" or "public officer", but this is indeed the case. The first thing we notice about the above, is that it is in Title 20 of the Code of Federal Regulations, which is entitled "Employee's Benefits". That term "employee" is defined in 5 U.S.C. §2105, 26 U.S.C. §3401(c ), and 26 CFR §31.3401(c )-1 as a federal employee and NOT a private employee. The federal government has no authority over private employees or private employers in states of the Union, as confirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court:
“It is no longer open to question that the general government, unlike the states, Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251, 275 , 38 S.Ct. 529, 3 A.L.R. 649, Ann.Cas.1918E 724, possesses no inherent power in respect of the internal affairs of the states; and emphatically not with regard to legislation.“
[Carter v. Carter Coal Co., 298 U.S. 238, 56 S.Ct. 855 (1936)]________________________________
"The difficulties arising out of our dual form of government and the opportunities for differing opinions concerning the relative rights of state and national governments are many; but for a very long time this court has steadfastly adhered to the doctrine that the taxing power of Congress does not extend to the states or their political subdivisions. The same basic reasoning which leads to that conclusion, we think, requires like limitation upon the power which springs from the bankruptcy clause. United States v. Butler, supra."
[Ashton v. Cameron County Water Improvement District No. 1, 298 U.S. 513; 56 S.Ct. 892 (1936)
The IRS also admits in its own Internal Revenue Manual, in black and white, that private employers do not have to deduct or withhold:
5.14.10.2 (09-30-2004)
Payroll Deduction Agreements2. Private employers, states, and political subdivisions are not required to enter into payroll deduction agreements. Taxpayers should determine whether their employers will accept and process executed agreements before agreements are submitted for approval or finalized.
[SOURCE: SEDM Exhibit #05.043]
Consequently, whenever you use the SSN in any context, which is "public property" owned by the government, you are admitting to be acting as a federal "employee" of "public officer" on official duty. Those who participate in Social Security are federal government "employees" or "employers" as legally defined. That is the only way the government can lawfully operate, because if they didn't do it this way, they would be abusing their taxing power to become a Robinhood who transfers property between citizens, which the U.S. Supreme Court said below they cannot lawfully do:
"In Calder v. Bull, which was here in 1798, Mr. Justice Chase said, that there were acts which the Federal and State legislatures could not do without exceeding their authority, and among them he mentioned a law which punished a citizen for an innocent act; a law that destroyed or impaired the lawful private [labor] contracts [and labor compensation, e.g. earnings from employment through compelled W-4 withholding] of citizens; a law that made a man judge in his own case; and a law that took the property from A [the worker]. and gave it to B [the government or another citizen, such as through social welfare programs]. 'It is against all reason and justice,' he added, 'for a people to intrust a legislature with such powers, and therefore it cannot be presumed that they have done it. They may command what is right and prohibit what is wrong; but they cannot change innocence into guilt, or punish innocence as a crime, or violate the right of an antecedent lawful private [employment] contract [by compelling W-4 withholding, for instance], or the right of private property. To maintain that a Federal or State legislature possesses such powers [of THEFT!] if they had not been expressly restrained, would, in my opinion, be a political heresy altogether inadmissible in all free republican governments.' 3 Dall. 388."
[Sinking Fund Cases, 99 U.S. 700 (1878)]
Consequently, if you are receiving federal payments or "benefits", there are only two ways to describe the result:
Take your pick, but you have to pick either one of the two and not both.
If the number is attached to any of your bank or financial accounts, those accounts are owned by the federal government and under their supervision because they were opened by its "employees" or “public officers” in the conduct of a type of federal employment called a "trade or business". A "trade or business" is defined in 26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(26) as a "public office" in which you essentially become a business partner with the federal government. Your employment compensation consists of:
4.1 Graduated and reduced rate of tax under 26 U.S.C. §1
4.2 Earned in come credit under 26 U.S.C. §32
4.3 Deductions under 26 U.S.C. §162
In the context of federal "benefit" programs, which essentially amount to "social insurance", the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. §552a confirms that all those who participate in such programs are "federal personnel":
TITLE 5 > PART I > CHAPTER 5 > SUBCHAPTER II > § 552a
§ 552a. Records maintained on individuals
(a) Definitions.— For purposes of this section—
(13) the term “Federal personnel” means officers and employees of the Government of the United States, members of the uniformed services (including members of the Reserve Components), individuals entitled to receive immediate or deferred retirement benefits under any retirement program of the Government of the United States (including survivor benefits).
Consequently, anyone who asks you to supply YOUR "Social Security Number" indirectly is asking you the following TWO questions:
The answer to this question should always be that you are a private individual who cannot lawfully possess or use government property or numbers, and that it is UNLAWFUL for you to impersonate a "public officer" of the U.S. government in violation of 18 U.S.C. §912 by providing or using one as a private individual. Furthermore, if they insist that you have or use one, then make sure you fill out an IRS form 56 and make THEM, not YOU the surety and the person responsible for the duties associated with the "public office" they are effectively creating by using a number against your will. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees us a right of free association. This implies at least the ability to determine when we are working and when we are off work. The employment contract for federal "employees" is found in Title 5 of the U.S. Code. It doesn't say what the working hours are for federal benefit recipients, and therefore we can choose what those hours are even if we did voluntarily apply for and continue to use such a number.
If you would like a more thorough analysis of why "taxpayers" under Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code are nearly all federal "employees", please read our free pamphlet below:
Why Your Government is Either A Thief or You Are a "Public Officer" for Income Tax Purposes, Form #05.008
DIRECT LINK: http://sedm.org/Forms/MemLaw/WhyThiefOrEmployee.pdf
FORMS PAGE: http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm
If you find anything wrong with the above analysis or any part of this article, then please send us your corrections so we can improve them.
The Internal Revenue Code, Section 6109 contains provisions for issuing Taxpayer Identification Numbers but we have found no statutory or regulatory provision for terminating the number or returning it to the government. Likewise, the Social Security Act has provisions to issue the number in 20 CFR §422.104, but we have found no statutory provisions for terminating it. The reason the government does this is that they want to maintain your eligibility to receive the so-called benefit and thereby perpetuate their authority to enforce the franchise agreement codified in the Internal Revenue Code Subtitle A and the Social Security Act against you. This was hinted at by the Supreme Court when it said:
The principle is invoked that one who accepts the benefit of a statute cannot be heard to question its constitutionality. Great Falls Manufacturing Co. v. Attorney General, 124 U.S. 581, 8 S.Ct. 631, 31 L.Ed. 527; Wall v. Parrot Silver & Copper Co., 244 U.S. 407, 37 S.Ct. 609, 61 L.Ed. 1229; St. Louis, etc., Co., v. George C. Prendergast Const. Co., 260 U.S. 469, 43 S.Ct. 178, 67 L.Ed. 351.
[. . .]
6. The Court will not pass upon the constitutionality of a statute at the instance of one who has availed himself of its benefits.FN7 Great Falls Mfg. Co. v. Attorney General, 124 U.S. 581, 8 S.Ct. 631, 31 L.Ed. 527; Wall v. Parrot Silver & Copper Co., 244 U.S. 407, 411, 412, 37 S.Ct. 609, 61 L.Ed. 1229; St. Louis Malleable Casting Co. v. Prendergast Construction Co., 260 U.S. 469, 43 S.Ct. 178, 67 L.Ed. 351.
FN7 Compare Electric Co. v. Dow, 166 U.S. 489, 17 S.Ct. 645, 41 L.Ed. 1088; Pierce v. Somerset Ry., 171 U.S. 641, 648, 19 S.Ct. 64, 43 L.Ed. 316; Leonard v. Vicksburg, etc., R. Co., 198 U.S. 416, 422, 25 S.Ct. 750, 49 L.Ed. 1108.
[Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 U.S. 288, 56 S.Ct. 466 (1936)]
So long as a number exists that is allotted to you, then there is a presumption that you maintain the eligibility to receive the benefit and therefore must abide by the statutes which administer it. The Social Security Administration also tries to perpetuate this FRAUD upon the people:
|
Resignation of Compelled Social Security Trustee, Form
#06.002 http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm |
|
SEDM Exhibit #07.012 http://sedm.org/Exhibits/ExhibitIndex.htm |
After a number is issued, then the only thing they will cooperate with you in doing with it is changing its status.
“. . .A person may establish a different status for the number by providing proof of foreign status with the Internal Revenue Service…Upon accepting an individual as a nonresident alien individual, the Internal Revenue Service will assign this status to the individual’s social security number. . .
[26 CFR §301.6109-1(g)(1)(i)]
One technique for changing its status is documented in section 1 of the cover letter for the Resignation of Compelled Social Security Trustee form above.
But what about if the person isn’t and never was an “individual” and a “public officer” within the government, which is the case with most Americans? In their case, application for the number was knowingly fraudulent and any act that is the product of fraud is a NON act that the law may not lawfully recognize and certainly not benefit from:
Ex dolo malo non oritur action.
Out of fraud no action arises. Cowper, 343; Broom's Max. 349.Fraus et jus numquam cohabitant.
Fraud and justice never agree together. Wing. 680.Quod alias bonum et justum est, si per vim vel fraudem petatur, malum et injustum efficitur.
What is otherwise good and just, if sought by force or fraud, becomes bad and unjust. 3 Co. 78.
[Bouvier’s Maxims of Law, 1856;
SOURCE: http://famguardian.org/Publications/BouvierMaximsOfLaw/BouviersMaxims.htm]
How does the IRS or the SSA correct knowingly fraudulent applications for their numbers and remove them from their records? We haven’t figured that out yet but the implications are HUGE. However, the following things are certain:
2.1. 18 U.S.C. §911: Impersonating a statutory “U.S. citizen”. Only statutory “U.S. citizens” and permanent residents, of which you are neither as a person domiciled in a state of the Union, may lawfully apply for the number.
2.2. 18 U.S.C. §912: Impersonating a public officer or “employee” of the government. The number may only be issued as a “benefit” to government “employees”, pursuant to 20 CFR §422.103(d) and you are impersonating a government “employee” if you apply for one or use one.
2.3. 18 U.S.C. §1030: Computer Fraud. Their records are in computers and they are knowingly fraudulent.
2.4. 18 U.S.C. §3: Misprision of felony. They are aware of a crime and they refused to act on it or do something about it, which is also a crime.
2.5. 18 U.S.C. §4: Accessory after the fact. They are an accessory after the fact to all the above crimes if they refuse to do something about it.
Another technique for ensuring they do something about it is to fill out an IRS form 56 making the IRS commissioner and/or the Commissioner of Social Security the fiduciary for all liabilities relating to the number. Since the number belongs to them, then let THEM take complete and exclusive responsibility for every aspect of its use or abuse. This technique is used on the Resignation of Compelled Social Security Trustee, Form #06.002 mentioned above, and it really puts them on the hot seat because now they become the targets for all the collection notices and liens, not you.
If you do not think that your compensation from federal
"employment" or "public office" is sufficient and do not choose to act as
a socialist security "Trustee" and federal "employee"
(OFFSITE LINK), and especially not in the context of your private life,
then you can follow the instructions in each of the following subsections.
In addition to the responses below, you can also use the completed version
of the "
Resignation of
Compelled Social Security Trustee, Form #06.002" form mentioned in the
previous section as proof of the illegality of using a Social Security Number.
Government application for an account or benefit. When the government asks for the number on an application for an account or benefit:
1.1 Indicate "None".
1.2 If they ask you whether you were ever issued such a number say "No". The reason you can say this is that the number is public property and can only be issued to public employees acting in their official capacity. Since you are not a public employee acting in your official capacity, then it wasn't issued to you, who are a private person.
1.3 You do not choose to act as a "Trustee" or federal "employee" and you resigned your federal "employment" position.
1.4 It is illegal for you to use public property for private gain unless on official duty as a public employee, and you are not on official duty.
2.1 It is not the correct number.
2.2 The government should correct its records to reflect this fact and discontinue illegal collection actions against you, because you are no longer and never were a federal "employee".
2.3 The employment compensation of the Trustee position is inadequate and you quit the position years ago and NEVER participated voluntarily. The compensation you want must ALSO include no federal tax liability and the federal government is unwilling to add this to the terms of the Trust Indenture document.\
In addition to the above, you should also follow the guidelines contained in the following resource on our website within the Liberty University:
|
Developing Evidence
of Citizenship and Sovereignty Course, Form #10.008 DIRECT LINK: http://sedm.org/LibertyU/DevEvidenceOfCitizenship.pdf FORMS PAGE: http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm |
When the IRS wants to request an identifying number, it asks for a "Social Security Number" on its forms. The IRS' own Internal Revenue Manual however, in IRM section 4.10.7.2.8, says that you can't rely on the accuracy of its forms and publications:
"IRS Publications, issued by the National Office, explain the law in plain language for taxpayers and their advisors... While a good source of general information, publications should not be cited to sustain a position."
[IRM 4.10.7.2.8 (05-14-1999)(OFFSITE LINK)]
Consequently, it would be unreasonable to conclude that an SSN as legally defined is really what they are asking for. If the IRS asked for a "Taxpayer Identification Number", however, they would have a lot fewer "taxpayers" because few people have TINs but most people apply for SSNs. Consequently, they falsify their forms to instead ask for the SSN instead of the TIN. Whenever you see the phrase "SSN", or "Social Security Number", you must conclude that they are really asking for a Taxpayer Identification Number. 26 CFR §301.6109-1(d)(3) authorizes Taxpayer Identification Numbers to be issued by and used ONLY by “aliens”, not “citizens”. Since most Americans don't have TINs because they are not "aliens" or "residents" of the District of Columbia, then the safe way to answer such a question is to:
"Not authorized to use SSN in place of TIN. Please cite positive law if you disagree. In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552a(b), you do not have my permission to use any identifying number in association with me and are COMMANDED to remove all such numbers from your records. All personal information about me is copyrighted and a trade secret and may not be maintained in ANY government information system or shared with any state revenue agency. Violation of the copyright will subject the violator to $1,000,000 for each occurrence."
If the IRS or a state revenue agency sends you a notice or form to fill out and an identifying number appears on the form or letter or correspondence, you should immediately respond to the notice by:
"Invalid. Please remove this wrong number from my record. See attached 'Wrong Party Notice'."
Attaching the following
Wrong Party Notice,
Form #07.105:
http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm
Then on the responsive letter, use language like what we showed you in this section to aver that the number is NOT "your" number. This will create doubt in the minds of the IRS or state revenue agency about whether they have the right number. When this doubt exists, they are far less likely to pursue illegal enforcement actions because they may be doing so against the WRONG target, which will subject them to personal liability for a tort. It will also increase the likelihood that all incorrect identifying numbers will be removed from any records they maintain about you. If they don't remove the invalid identifying number from their records, then you have a legal recourse for violation of copyright and of the Privacy Act.
If a financial institution or private employer asks you to complete and submit any government form that asks for a government identifying number, we highly recommend attaching the following form on our website per the instructions:
Why It is Illegal for Me to Request or Use a Taxpayer Identification Number, Form #04.205
http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm
When private employers ask you to provide a social security Number do the following:
You can
show them the signed letter from the Social Security Administration
admitting that you aren't required to have or use the number:
SEDM Exhibit
#07.004
http://sedm.org/Exhibits/ExhibitIndex.htm
You should first quote 42 U.S.C. §408, which says that it is illegal to compel anyone to disclose or use a Social Security Number.
TITLE 42 - THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
CHAPTER 7 - SOCIAL SECURITY
SUBCHAPTER II - FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS, AND DISABILITY INSURANCE BENEFITS
(a) In general
Whoever -...(8) discloses, uses, or compels the disclosure of the social security number of any person in violation of the laws of the United States; shall be guilty of a felony and upon conviction thereof shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.
You can
print out and hand them a copy of the following:
Reasonable Cause Regulations
and Requirements for Missing and Incorrect Name/TINs, IRS Publication
1586
DIRECT LINK:
http://sedm.org/Forms/Tax/Procedure/AboutSSNs/RSPub1586.pdf
5.1 The resignation document you sent in,
if you sent it in at (Members are REQUIRED to do this):
Resignation of
Compelled Social Security Trustee, Form #06.002
5.2 Social Security Form 521 showing that
you quit the social security program:
http://famguardian.org/TaxFreedom/Instructions/3.17QuitSocialSecurity.htm
You tell them you are a "nonresident alien" and quote them 26 CFR §1.872-2(f), which says you are not subject to taxation or withholding and give them a modified W-8BEN form. See:
6.1 About IRS Form W-8BEN, Form #04.202
6.2 Nonresident Alien Position, Form #05.020, http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm
If you
are self-supporting and not an "employee" [
federal instrumentality]
but a private contractor, you can identify yourself as a "
nonresident alien"
and read them
26 U.S.C. §1402(b), which says that "nonresident aliens" do not
earn "self employment income" and therefore need not report.
Whichever one or more of the above options you select:
2.1 26 U.S.C. §7343: Fraudulent returns, statements, or other documents. This provision makes it a civil tort to knowingly file false information returns.
2.2 26 U.S.C. §7207: Fraudulent Returns, Statements, or other documents. This provision makes it a criminal offense to fill out a false information return if you know it is false before hand.
2.3 18 U.S.C. §912: Falsely impersonating an officer [PUBLIC OFFICER] or employee of the United States. A person engaged in a "trade or business" is defined as a "public officer" in 26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(26). It is a crime to claim that either you or anyone else is a "public officer" who in fact is not.
3.1
Demand
for Verified Evidence of Trade or Business Activity: Information Return,
Form #04.007
3.2
The Trade or Business Scam,
Form #05.001. Demand that they rebut the questions at the
end and anything within the pamphlet that is false.
5.1
Income Tax Withholding
and Reporting Course, Form #12.004.
5.2
Correcting Erroneous
Information Returns, Form #04.001
5.3
Corrected
Information Return Attachment Letter, Form #04.002
5.4 Correcting Erroneous IRS form 1042's, Form #04.003
5.5 Correcting Erroneous IRS form 1098's, Form #04.004
When Financial Institutions ask you for a number, do the following:
Those who are invited into the company of IRS employees for an audit or “examination”, or should we say a “proctology examination”, will definitely be asked for “THEIR Social Security Number”. This question, in fact, is usually the first question out of the mouth of the agent. It is very important to respond to such questions properly so as not to jeopardize your sovereignty by:
“The restrictions that the Constitution places upon the government in its capacity as lawmaker, i.e., as the regulator of private conduct, are not the same as the restrictions that it places upon the government in its capacity as employer. We have recognized this in many contexts, with respect to many different constitutional guarantees. Private citizens perhaps cannot be prevented from wearing long hair, but policemen can. Kelley v. Johnson, 425 U.S. 238, 247 (1976). Private citizens cannot have their property searched without probable cause, but in many circumstances government employees can. O'Connor v. Ortega, 480 U.S. 709, 723 (1987) (plurality opinion); id., at 732 (SCALIA, J., concurring in judgment). Private citizens cannot be punished for refusing to provide the government information that may incriminate them, but government employees can be dismissed when the incriminating information that they refuse to provide relates to the performance of their job. Gardner v. Broderick, [497 U.S. 62, 95] 392 U.S. 273, 277 -278 (1968). With regard to freedom of speech in particular: Private citizens cannot be punished for speech of merely private concern, but government employees can be fired for that reason. Connick v. Myers, 461 U.S. 138, 147 (1983). Private citizens cannot be punished for partisan political activity, but federal and state employees can be dismissed and otherwise punished for that reason. Public Workers v. Mitchell, 330 U.S. 75, 101 (1947); Civil Service Comm'n v. Letter Carriers, 413 U.S. 548, 556 (1973); Broadrick v. Oklahoma, 413 U.S. 601, 616-617 (1973).”
[Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois, 497 U.S. 62 (1990)]
For details on the above, read section
8 of our
Nonresident Alien
Position, Form #05.020. Below is an example interchange that will
provide some very effective examples that we follow ourselves:
IRS AGENT: What is YOUR Social Security Number?
YOU:
20 CFR §422.103(d) says SSNs belong to the government. The
only way it could be MY number is if I am appearing here today as a federal
employee or officer on official business. If that is the case, no,
I am here as a private individual and not a government employee in possession
or use of “public property” such as a number. Therefore, I don’t HAVE
a Social Security Number. Furthermore,
I am not lawfully eligible
and never have been eligible to participate in Social Security and any records
you have to the contrary are FALSE and and FRAUDULENT and should be immediately
DESTROYED. If there is some form I can fill out to formally notify
you of this, please inform me at this time.
IRS AGENT: That’s ridiculous. Everyone HAS a SSN.
YOU:
Well then EVERYONE is a STUPID whore for acting as a
federal employee or agent
without compensation that THEY and not YOU determine. The charge for
my services to act as a
federal “employee” or officer
or trustee in possession of public property such as an SSN is ALL the
tax and penalty liability that might result PLUS $1,000 per hour.
Will you agree in writing pay the compensation that I demand in order to
procure my cooperation to voluntarily act essentially as your federal coworker,
because if you don’t, then it’s not MY number?
IRS AGENT: It’s YOUR number, not the government’s.
YOU:
Well why do the regulations at
20 CFR §422.103(d) say it belongs to the Social Security Administration
instead of me? I am not appearing as a Social Security employee at
this meeting and its unreasonable and prejudicial for you to assume that
I am. I am also not appearing here as “federal personnel” as defined
in
5 U.S.C. §552a(a)(13).
I don’t even qualify
for Social Security and never have, and what you are asking me to do
by providing an INVALID and knowingly FALSE number is to VIOLATE THE LAW
and commit fraud by providing that which I am not legally entitled to and
thereby fraudulently procure the benefits of a federal franchise.
Is that your intention?
IRS AGENT: Don’t play word games with me. It’s YOUR number.
YOU: Well good. Then if its MY number and MY property, then I have EXCLUSIVE control and use over it. That is what the word “property” implies. That means I, and not you, may penalize people for abusing MY property. The penalty for wrongful use or possession of MY property is all the tax and penalty liability that might result from using said number for tax collection plus $1,000 per hour for educating you about your lawful duties because you obviously don't know what they are. If it’s MY property, then your job is to protect me from abuses of MY property. If you can penalize me for misusing YOUR procedures and forms, which are YOUR property, then I am equally entitled to penalize you for misusing MY property. Are you willing to sign an agreement in writing to pay for the ABUSE of what you call MY property, because if you aren’t, you are depriving me of exclusive use and control over MY property and depriving me of the equal right to prevent abuses of my property?
IRS AGENT: OK, well it’s OUR number. Sorry for deceiving you. Can you give us OUR number that WE assigned to you?
YOU: You DIDN’T assign it to ME as a private person, which is what I am appearing here today as. You can’t lawfully issue public property such as an SSN to a private person. That’s criminal embezzlement. The only way it could have been assigned to me is if I’m acting as a “public officer” or federal employee at this moment, and I am NOT. Once again, I am here as a private person and not a public employee. Therefore, it couldn’t have been lawfully issued to me. Keep this up, and I’m going to file a criminal complaint with the U.S. Attorney for embezzlement in violation of 18 U.S.C. §641 and impersonating a public officer in violation of 18 U.S.C. §912. I’m not here as a public officer and you are asking me to act like one without compensation and without legal authority. Where is the compensation that I demand to act as a fiduciary and trustee over your STINKING number, which is public property? I remind you that the very purpose why governments are created is to PROTECT and maintain the separation between "public property" and "private property" in order to preserve my inalienable constitutional rights that you took an oath to support and defend. Why do you continue to insist on co-mingling and confusing them in order to STEAL my labor, property, and money without compensation in violation of the Fifth Amendment takings clause?
Usually, after the above interchange, the IRS agent will realize he is digging a DEEP hole for himself and will abruptly end that sort of inquiry, and many times will also end his collection efforts.
The following authorities right from the horse's mouth establish that nonresident aliens don't need Social Security Numbers to either work or to open bank accounts. Use this as ammunition when opening accounts or pursuing employment:
1. It is ILLEGAL to assign a "Social Security Number" to a "Nonresident alien". Do you see nonresident aliens listed below? A nonresident alien, defined in 26 U.S.C. §7701(b)(1)(B) is NOT the same as an "alien" as defined in 26 U.S.C. §7701(b)(1)(A). Notice also that the regulation is under Title 20, which is "Employee" benefits. They are talking about federal "employees" only, and not everyone generally. The federal government has no authority to legislate for private employees: only PUBLIC employees. They also cannot legislate for people outside of their jurisdiction. A "nonresident" is outside of their jurisdiction.
TITLE 20--EMPLOYEES' BENEFITS
CHAPTER III--SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
PART 422_ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES--Table of Contents
Subpart B_General ProceduresSec. 422.104 Who can be assigned a social security number.
(a) Persons eligible for SSN assignment. We can assign you a social security number if you meet the evidence requirements in Sec. 422.107 and you are:
(1) A United States citizen; or
(2) An alien lawfully admitted to the United States [federal zone] for permanent residence or under other authority of law permitting you to work in the United States (Sec. 422.105 describes how we determine if a nonimmigrant alien is permitted to work in the United States); or
(3) An alien who cannot provide evidence of alien status showing lawful admission to the U.S., or an alien with evidence of lawful admission but without authority to work in the U.S., if the evidence described in Sec. 422.107(e) does not exist, but only for a valid nonwork reason. We consider you to have a valid nonwork reason if:
(i) You need a social security number to satisfy a Federal statute or regulation that requires you to have a social security number in order to receive a Federally-funded benefit to which you have otherwise established entitlement and you reside either in or outside the U.S.; or
(ii) You need a social security number to satisfy a State or local law that requires you to have a social security number in order to receive public assistance benefits to which you have otherwise established entitlement, and you are legally in the United States.
(b) Annotation for a nonwork purpose. If we assign you a social security number as an alien for a nonwork purpose, we will indicate in our records that you are not authorized to work. We will also mark your social security card with a legend such as ``NOT VALID FOR EMPLOYMENT.'' If earnings are reported to us on your number, we will inform the Department of Homeland Security of the reported earnings.
Title 31: Money and Finance: Treasury
PART 103—FINANCIAL RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING OF CURRENCY AND FOREIGN TRANSACTIONS
Subpart C—Records Required To Be Maintained§ 103.34 Additional records to be made and retained by banks.
(a)(3) A taxpayer identification number required under paragraph (a)(1) of this section need not be secured for accounts or transactions with the following:
(i) Agencies and instrumentalities of Federal, state, local or foreign governments;
(ii) judges, public officials, or clerks of courts of record as custodians of funds in controversy or under the control of the court;
(iii) aliens who are (A) ambassadors, ministers, career diplomatic or consular officers, or (B) naval, military or other attaches of foreign embassies and legations, and for the members of their immediate families;
(iv) aliens who are accredited representatives of international organizations which are entitled to enjoy privileges, exemptions and immunities as an international organization under the International Organization Immunities Act of December 29, 1945 (22 U.S.C. 288), and the members of their immediate families;
(v) aliens temporarily residing in the United States for a period not to exceed 180 days; (vi) aliens not engaged in a trade or business in the United States who are attending a recognized college or university or any training program, supervised or conducted by any agency of the Federal Government;
(vii) unincorporated subordinate units of a tax exempt central organization which are covered by a group exemption letter,
(viii) a person under 18 years of age with respect to an account opened as a part of a school thrift savings program, provided the annual interest is less than $10; (ix) a person opening a Christmas club, vacation club and similar installment savings programs provided the annual interest is less than $10; and
(x) non-resident aliens who are not engaged in a trade or business in the United States. In instances described in paragraphs (a)(3), (viii) and (ix) of this section, the bank shall, within 15 days following the end of any calendar year in which the interest accrued in that year is $10 or more use its best effort to secure and maintain the appropriate taxpayer identification number or application form therefor.
Title 31: Money and Finance: Treasury
PART 306—GENERAL REGULATIONS GOVERNING U.S. SECURITIES
Subpart B—RegistrationThe registration used must express the actual ownership of a security and may not include any restriction on the authority of the owner to dispose of it in any manner, except as otherwise specifically provided in these regulations. The Treasury Department reserves the right to treat the registration as conclusive of ownership. Requests for registration should be clear, accurate, and complete, conform with one of the forms set forth in this subpart, and include appropriate taxpayer identifying numbers. 2 The registration of all bonds owned by the same person, organization, or fiduciary should be uniform with respect to the name of the owner and, in the case of a fiduciary, the description of the fiduciary capacity. Individual owners should be designated by the names by which they are ordinarily known or under which they do business, preferably including at least one full given name. The name of an individual may be preceded by any applicable title, as, for example, Mrs., Miss, Ms., Dr., or Rev., or followed by a designation such as M.D., D.D., Sr., or Jr. Any other similar suffix should be included when ordinarily used or when necessary to distinguish the owner from a member of his family. A married woman's own given name, not that of her husband, must be used, for example, Mrs. Mary A. Jones, not Mrs. Frank B. Jones. The address should include, where appropriate, the number and street, route, or any other local feature and the Zip Code.
2 Taxpayer identifying numbers are not required for foreign governments, nonresident aliens not engaged in trade or business within the United States, international organizations and foreign corporations not engaged in trade or business and not having an office or place of business or a financial or paying agent within the United States, and other persons or organizations as may be exempted from furnishing such numbers under regulations of the Internal Revenue Service.
Title 26: Internal Revenue
PART 1—INCOME TAXES
Withholding of Tax on Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations and Tax-Free Covenant Bonds
Sec. 1.1441-6 Claim of reduced withholding under an income tax treaty.(c) Exemption from requirement to furnish a taxpayer identifying number and special documentary evidence rules for certain income.
(1) General rule.
In the case of income described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, a withholding agent may rely on a beneficial owner withholding certificate [IRS Form W-8BEN] described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section without regard to the requirement that the withholding certificate include the beneficial owner's taxpayer identifying number. In the case of payments of income described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section made outside the United States [federal zone] (as defined in Sec. 1.6049-5(e)) with respect to an offshore account (as defined in Sec. 1.6049-5(c)(1)), a withholding agent may, as an alternative to a withholding certificate described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, rely on a certificate of residence described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section or documentary evidence described in paragraph (c)(4) of this section, relating to the beneficial owner, that the withholding agent has reviewed and maintains in its records in accordance with Sec. 1.1441-1(e)(4)(iii). In the case of a payment to a person other than an individual, the certificate of residence or documentary evidence must be accompanied by the statements described in paragraphs (c)(5)(i) and (ii) of this section regarding limitation on benefits and whether the amount paid is derived by such person or by one of its interest holders. The withholding agent maintains the reviewed documents by retaining either the documents viewed or a photocopy thereof and noting in its records the date on which, and by whom, the documents were received and reviewed. This paragraph (c)(1) shall not apply to amounts that are exempt from withholding based on a claim that the income is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.
26 CFR §301.6109-1(b) is the only provision of law which expressly requires the use of Taxpayer Identification Numbers. It says on the requirement to use such numbers the following:
26 CFR § 301.6109-1(b) (OFFSITE LINK)
(b) Requirement to furnish one's own number--
(1) U.S. persons. Every U.S. person who makes under this title a return, statement, or other document must furnish its own taxpayer identifying number as required by the forms and the accompanying instructions.
(2) Foreign persons.
The provisions of paragraph (b)(1) of this section regarding the furnishing of one's own number shall apply to the following foreign persons--
(i) A foreign person that has income effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business at any time during the taxable year;
(ii) A foreign person that has a U.S. office or place of business or a U.S. fiscal or paying agent at any time during the taxable year;
(iii) A nonresident alien treated as a resident under section 6013(g) or (h);
(iv) A foreign person that makes a return of tax (including income, estate, and gift tax returns), an amended return, or a refund claim under this title but excluding information returns, statements, or documents;
(v) A foreign person that makes an election under Sec. 301.7701-3(c);
(vi) A foreign person that furnishes a withholding certificate described in Sec. 1.1441-1(e)(2) or (3) of this chapter or Sec. 1.1441-5(c)(2)(iv) or (3)(iii) of this chapter to the extent required
under Sec. 1.1441-1(e)(4)(vii) of this chapter;
(vii) A foreign person whose taxpayer identifying number is required to be furnished on any return, statement, or other document as required by the income tax regulations under section 897 or 1445. This paragraph (b)(2)(vii) applies as of November 3, 2003; and
(viii) A foreign person that furnishes a withholding certificate described in Sec. 1.1446-1(c)(2) or (3) of this chapter or whose taxpayer identification number is required to be furnished on any return, statement, or other document as required by the income tax regulations under section 1446. This paragraph (b)(2)(viii) shall apply to partnership taxable years beginning after May 18, 2005, or such earlier time as the regulations under Sec. Sec. 1.1446-1 through 1.1446-5 of this chapter apply by reason of an election under Sec. 1.1446-7 of this chapter.
Notice the word “its”. This should clue you into the fact that the tax code doesn’t apply to flesh and blood people, who are called “natural persons” in regulations like that above. If they had meant to refer to such a natural person, the word “it’s” would have said “his” or “her”. Consequently, the only type of “person”, they can be referring to is a privileged corporation or an officer representing said corporation, as was pointed out at the beginning of chapter 5 of the Great IRS Hoax, Form #11.302 (OFFSITE LINK). Also keep in your mind that the above regulation implements a code that is not positive law and therefore imposes no obligation upon anyone who does not consent to be bound by it by occupying a public office or position of employment within the U.S. government. The "U.S. person" (OFFSITE LINK) identified above is defined below to mean a person born in or "resident" (OFFSITE LINK) only within the District of Columbia, as follows.. Note that "United States" (OFFSITE LINK) is defined in 26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(9) and (a)(10) to mean ONLY the District of Columbia:
TITLE 26 > Subtitle F > CHAPTER 79 > Sec. 7701.
(a)(30) United States person
The term ''United States person'' means -
(A) a [corporate] citizen or resident [alien] of the [federal] United States,
(B) a domestic partnership,
(C) a domestic corporation,
(D) any estate (other than a foreign estate, within the meaning of paragraph (31)), and
(E) any trust if -
(i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust, and
(ii) one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
All government identifying numbers may only lawfully be issued to persons participating in government franchises. They act as the equivalent of license numbers for those engaging in franchises. The following IRS publications plainly admit when government issued numbers are mandatory, and all of them relate to those obtaining or qualifying for some government benefit or privilege. These cites are VERY important because once you can prove the things for which TINs are positively required, then all other uses are VOLUNTARY and not mandatory. Simply show them the list below and if your circumstances are not in it, then demand that they show a statute documenting an affirmative requirement to provide an identifying number:
Identification Number
A taxpayer identification number must be furnished on returns, statements, and other tax related documents. For an individual, this is a social security number (SSN). If you do not have and are not eligible to get an SSN, you must apply for an individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN). An employer identification number (EIN) is required if you are engaged in a trade or business as a sole proprietor and have employees or a qualified retirement plan.
You must furnish a taxpayer identification number if you are:
- An alien who has income effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business at any time during the year.
- An alien who has a U.S. office or place of business at any time during the year.
- A nonresident alien spouse treated as a resident, as discussed in chapter 1, or
- Any other alien who files a tax return, an amended return, or a refund claim (but not information returns).
Social Security Number (SSN). Generally, you can get an SSN if you have been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence or under other immigration categories that authorize U.S. employment.
[. . .]
Individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN). If you do not have and are not eligible to get an SSN, you must apply for an ITIN. For details on how to do so, see Form W-7 and its instructions. It usually takes about 4-6 weeks to get an ITIN. If you already have an ITIN, enter it whenever an SSN is required on your tax return.
An ITIN is for tax use only. It does not entitle you to social security benefits or change your employment or immigration status under U.S. law.
In addition to those aliens who are required to furnish a taxpayer identification number and are not eligible for an SSN, a Form W-7 should be filed for:
- Alien individuals who are claimed as dependents and are not eligible for an SSN, and
- Alien spouses who are claimed as exemptions and are not eligible for an SSN.
Employer identification number (EIN). An individual may use an SSN (or ITIN) for individual taxes and an EIN for business taxes. To apply for an EIN, file Form SS-4. Application for Employer Identification Number, with the IRS.
Line 7c, Column (2)
You must enter each dependent’s identifying number (SSN, ITIN, or adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN)). If you do not enter the correct identifying number, at the time we process your return we may disallow the exemption claimed (such as the child tax credit) based on the dependent.
Box 14, Recipient’s U.S. Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)
You must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number (TIN) for:
- Any recipient whose income is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.
Note. For these recipients, exemption code 01 should be entered in box 6.- Any foreign person claiming a reduced rate of, or exemption from, tax under a tax treaty between a foreign country and the United States, unless the income is an unexpected payment (as described in Regulations section 1.1441-6(g)) or consists of dividends and interest from stocks and debt obligations that are actively traded; dividends from any redeemable security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (mutual fund); dividends, interest, or royalties from units of beneficial interest in a unit investment trust that are (or were, upon issuance) publicly offered and are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933; and amounts paid with respect to loans of any of the above securities.
- Any nonresident alien individual claiming exemption from tax under section 871(f) for certain annuities received under qualified plans.
- A foreign organization claiming an exemption from tax solely because of its status as a tax-exempt organization under section 501(c ) or as a private foundation.
- Any QI.
- Any WP or WT.
- Any nonresident alien individual claiming exemption from withholding on compensation for independent personal services [services connected with a “trade or business”].
- Any foreign grantor trust with five or fewer grantors.
- Any branch of a foreign bank or foreign insurance company that is treated as a U.S. person.
If a foreign person provides a TIN on a Form W-8, but is not required to do so, the withholding agent must include the TIN on Form 1042-S.
We have taken the time to further investigate the last item above and put it in tabular form for your reading pleasure:
Table 2: I.R.C. Statutory "Benefits"
| # | Name | Code section | Notes |
| 1 |
Effectively connected with the “trade or business” franchise |
26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(26) |
|
| 2 |
Foreign person claiming reduced rate of, exemption from, tax under treaty |
26 U.S.C. §1(h)(11)(C)(i)(II) |
|
| 3 |
Nonresident alien claiming exemption for annuities received under qualified plans |
||
| 4 |
Foreign organization claiming an exemption from tax solely because of its status as a tax exempt organization |
26 U.S.C. §501(c ) |
|
| 5 |
Qualified Intermediary (QI) |
26 CFR §1.1441-1(e)(5): Generally 26 CFR §1.1441-1(e)(5)(ii): Definition |
Pursuant to 26 CFR §1.1441-1(c )(14), one cannot be “qualified” without being a “U.S. person”, meaning a person with a legal domicile on federal territory in the “United States” (District of Columbia). |
| 6 |
Withholding Foreign Partnership (WP) or Withholding Foreign Trust (WT) |
26 CFR §1.1441-5(c ) |
A withholding foreign partnership (WP) is any foreign partnership
that has entered into a WP withholding agreement with the IRS and
is acting in that capacity. A withholding foreign trust (WT) is
a foreign simple or grantor trust that has entered into a WT withholding
agreement with the IRS and is acting in that capacity. A WP or WT may act in that capacity only for payments of amounts subject to NRA withholding that are distributed to, or included in the distributive share of, its direct partners, beneficiaries, or owners. A WP or WT acting in that capacity must assume NRA withholding responsibility for these amounts. You may treat a WP or WT as a payee if it has provided you with documentation (discussed later) that represents that it is acting as a WP or WT for such amounts. You cannot be a WP or a WT without an EIN. A WP or WT must provide you with a Form W-8IMY that certifies that the WP or WT is acting in that capacity and a written statement identifying the amounts for which it is so acting. The statement is not required to contain withholding rate pool information or any information relating to the identity of a direct partner, beneficiary, or owner. The Form W–8IMY must contain the WP-EIN or WT-EIN. See:
http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/ |
| 7 |
Nonresident claiming exemption for independent personal services |
26 CFR §1.1441-4(b)(4): Withholding 26 CFR §1.1461-1(c )(2)(i): Reporting 26 CFR §1.1441-6(g)(1): TIN requirement |
Claimed using IRS Form 8233. The term “personal services” is defined as work performed in connection with a “trade or business” pursuant to 26 CFR §1.469-9(b)(4) and 26 CFR §1.1441-4. 26 U.S.C. §864(b)(1)(A) excludes services performed for foreign employers, meaning employers other than the U.S. government. See:
http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/international/ |
| 8 |
Foreign grantor trust with five or fewer grantors |
26 CFR §1.1441-5(e) : Generally 26 CFR §1.1441-1(c )(26): Definition |
A foreign grantor trust is a foreign trust but only to the extent all or a portion of the income [meaning “trade or business” earnings or payments from the U.S. government pursuant to 26 U.S.C. §871 and 26 U.S.C. §643(b) of the trust is treated as owned by the grantor or another person under sections 671 through 679. |
| 9 |
Any branch of a foreign bank or foreign insurance company that is treated as a “U.S. person” |
26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(30) |
All “U.S. persons” have a domicile in the “United States”, meaning the District of Columbia. Choice of domicile is voluntary and therefore this status is voluntary. All “U.S. persons” and “individuals” are government agents, instrumentalities, employees, or officers. |
To summarize all of the requirements pertaining to the mandatory use of identifying numbers from all the publications above:
“Residents, as distinguished from citizens, are aliens who are permitted to take up a permanent abode [domicile] in the country. Being bound to the society by reason of their [intention of] dwelling in it, they are subject to its laws so long as they remain there, and, being protected by it, they must defend it, although they do not enjoy all the rights of citizenship. They have only certain privileges which the law, or custom, gives them. Permanent residents are those who have been given the right of perpetual residence. They are a sort of citizen of a less privileged character, and are subject to the society without enjoying all its advantages. Their children succeed to their status; for the right of perpetual residence given them by the State passes to their children.”
[The Law of Nations, p. 87, E. De Vattel, Volume Three, 1758, Carnegie Institution of Washington; emphasis added.]
3.1. A “trade or business”, which is defined in 26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(26) as “the functions of a public office”.
3.2. Reduced rate or exemption from tax arising from a tax treaty with a foreign country.
3.3. Exemptions such as child write-offs.
3.4. Any nonresident alien individual claiming exemption from tax under section 871(f) for certain annuities received under qualified plans.
3.5. A foreign organization claiming an exemption from tax solely because of its status as a tax-exempt organization under section 501(c ) or as a private foundation.
3.6. Any QI.
3.7. Any WP or WT.
3.8. Any nonresident alien individual claiming exemption from withholding on compensation for independent personal services [services connected with a “trade or business”].
3.9. Any foreign grantor trust with five or fewer grantors.
3.10. Any branch of a foreign bank or foreign insurance company that is treated as a “U.S. person” under 26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(30).
For thus says the LORD:
"You have sold yourselves for nothing,
And you shall be redeemed without money."
[Isaiah 52:3, Bible, NKJV]__________________________________________________________________________________________
“Thus, Congress having power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes, may, without doubt, provide for granting coasting licenses, licenses to pilots, licenses to trade with the Indians, and any other licenses necessary or proper for the exercise of that great and extensive power; and the same observation is applicable to every other power of Congress, to the exercise of which the granting of licenses may be incident. All such licenses confer authority, and give rights to the licensee.
But very different considerations apply to the internal commerce or domestic trade of the States. Over this commerce and trade Congress has no power of regulation nor any direct control. This power belongs exclusively to the States. No interference by Congress with the business of citizens transacted within a State is warranted by the Constitution, except such as is strictly incidental to the exercise of powers clearly granted to the legislature. The power to authorize a business within a State is plainly repugnant to the exclusive power of the State over the same subject. It is true that the power of Congress to tax is a very extensive power. It is given in the Constitution, with only one exception and only two qualifications. Congress cannot tax exports, and it must impose direct taxes by the rule of apportionment, and indirect taxes by the rule of uniformity. Thus limited, and thus only, it reaches every subject, and may be exercised at discretion. But, it reaches only existing subjects. Congress cannot authorize [e.g. LICENSE or regulate using a Social Security Number] a trade or business within a State [of the Union] in order to tax it.”
[License Tax Cases, 72 U.S. 462, 18 L.Ed. 497, 5 Wall. 462, 2 A.F.T.R. 2224 (1866)]
5.1. Do not participate government franchises.
5.2. Terminated participation in all federal franchises
5.3. Were not qualified at the time you signed up because not domiciled on federal territory.
No government institution, financial institution, or employer may therefore lawfully compel the use of Social Security Numbers against those who meet the above criteria. If an employer financial institution attempts to compel use of the SSN, the victim has not only a standing under the above statute, but also can sue the institution for involuntary servitude under the Thirteenth Amendment. The reason is that this would constitute the equivalent of involuntary servitude in violation of the Thirteenth Amendment, because it would essentially amount to compelling a person to act as a federal "employee", as we showed earlier. The following statute makes it a CRIME to compel the use of Social Security numbers against those who meet the above criteria:
TITLE 42 - THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
CHAPTER 7 - SOCIAL SECURITY
SUBCHAPTER II - FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS, AND DISABILITY INSURANCE BENEFITS
(a) In general
Whoever -...
(8) discloses, uses, or compels the disclosure of the social security number of any person in violation of the laws of the United States; shall be guilty of a felony and upon conviction thereof shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.
To lay, with one hand, the power of the government on the property of the citizen, and with the other to bestow it upon favored individuals to aid private enterprises and build up private fortunes, is none the less a robbery because it is done under the forms of law and is called taxation. This is not legislation. It is a decree under legislative forms.
Nor is it taxation. ‘A tax,’ says Webster’s Dictionary, ‘is a rate or sum of money assessed on the person or property of a citizen by government for the use of the nation or State.’ ‘Taxes are burdens or charges imposed by the Legislature upon persons or property to raise money for public purposes.’ Cooley, Const. Lim., 479.
Coulter, J., in Northern Liberties v. St. John’s Church, 13 Pa. St., 104 says, very forcibly, ‘I think the common mind has everywhere taken in the understanding that taxes are a public imposition, levied by authority of the government for the purposes of carrying on the government in all its machinery and operations—that they are imposed for a public purpose.’ See, also Pray v. Northern Liberties, 31 Pa.St., 69; Matter of Mayor of N.Y., 11 Johns., 77; Camden v. Allen, 2 Dutch., 398; Sharpless v. Mayor, supra; Hanson v. Vernon, 27 Ia., 47; Whiting v. Fond du Lac, supra.”
[Loan Association v. Topeka, 20 Wall. 655 (1874)]________________________________________________________________________________
"A tax, in the general understanding of the term and as used in the constitution, signifies an exaction for the support of the government. The word has never thought to connote the expropriation of money from one group for the benefit of another."
[U.S. v. Butler, 297 U.S. 1 (1936)]________________________________________________________________________________
"In Calder v. Bull, which was here in 1798, Mr. Justice Chase said, that there were acts which the Federal and State legislatures could not do without exceeding their authority, and among them he mentioned a law which punished a citizen for an innocent act; a law that destroyed or impaired the lawful private [labor] contracts [and labor compensation, e.g. earnings from employment through compelled W-4 withholding] of citizens; a law that made a man judge in his own case; and a law that took the property from A [the worker]. and gave it to B [the government or another citizen, such as through social welfare programs]. 'It is against all reason and justice,' he added, 'for a people to intrust a legislature with such powers, and therefore it cannot be presumed that they have done it. They may command what is right and prohibit what is wrong; but they cannot change innocence into guilt, or punish innocence as a crime, or violate the right of an antecedent lawful private [employment] contract [by compelling W-4 withholding, for instance], or the right of private property. To maintain that a Federal or State legislature possesses such powers [of THEFT!] if they had not been expressly restrained, would, in my opinion, be a political heresy altogether inadmissible in all free republican governments.' 3 Dall. 388."
[Sinking Fund Cases, 99 U.S. 700 (1878)]
“Men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights,-'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness;' and to 'secure,' not grant or create, these rights, governments are instituted. That property [or income] which a man has honestly acquired he retains full control of, subject to these limitations: First, that he shall not use it to his neighbor's injury, and that does not mean that he must use it for his neighbor's benefit [e.g. SOCIAL SECURITY, Medicare, and every other public “benefit”]; second, that if he devotes it to a public use, he gives to the public a right to control that use; and third, that whenever the public needs require, the public may take it upon payment of due compensation.”
[Budd v. People of State of New York, 143 U.S. 517 (1892)]
26 U.S.C. §6721(a) imposes a penalty against those who file information returns that do not include all the information required on the form.
TITLE 26 > Subtitle F > CHAPTER 68 > Subchapter B > PART II > § 6721
§ 6721. Failure to file correct information returns(a) Imposition of penalty
(1) In general
In the case of a failure described in paragraph (2) by any person with respect to an information return, such person shall pay a penalty of $50 for each return with respect to which such a failure occurs, but the total amount imposed on such person for all such failures during any calendar year shall not exceed $250,000.
(2) Failures subject to penalty
For purposes of paragraph (1), the failures described in this paragraph are—
(A) any failure to file an information return with the Secretary on or before the required filing date, and
(B) any failure to include all of the information required to be shown on the return or the inclusion of incorrect information.
The penalty amount for failure to provide an identifying number is $50. See IRM 20.1.7.1.5 and 26 CFR §301.6721-1(a)(1).
Code of Federal Regulations
PART 301 -- PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION
Sec. 301.6721-1 Failure to file correct information returns.(a) Imposition of penalty.
(1) General rule.
A penalty of $50 is imposed for each information return (as defined in section 6724(d)(1) and paragraph (g) of this section) with respect to which a failure (as defined in section 6721(a)(2) and paragraph (a)(2) of this section) occurs. No more than one penalty will be imposed under this paragraph (a)(1) with respect to a single information return even though there may be more than one failure with respect to such return. The total amount imposed on any person for all failures during any calendar year with respect to all information returns shall not exceed $250,000. See paragraph (b) of this section for a reduction in the penalty when the failures are corrected within specified periods. See paragraph (c) of this section for an exception to the penalty for inconsequential errors or omissions. See paragraph (d) of this section for an exception to the penalty for a DE MINIMIS number of failures. See paragraph (e) of this section for lower limitations to the $250,000 maximum penalty. See paragraph (f) of this section for higher penalties when a failure is due to intentional disregard of the requirement to file timely correct information returns. See paragraph (a)(1) of Section 301.6724-1 for waiver of the penalty for a failure that is due to reasonable cause.
The above regulation is under Part 301, which means it implements 5 U.S.C. §301 (federal agencies, not private parties). This statute establishes that the head of an Executive or military department may prescribe regulations for the internal government of his department.
Consequently, the regulation only applies to federal employees and not the public in general.TITLE 5 > PART I > CHAPTER 3 > § 301
§ 301. Departmental regulationsThe head of an Executive department or military department may prescribe regulations for the government of his department, the conduct of its employees, the distribution and performance of its business, and the custody, use, and preservation of its records, papers, and property. This section does not authorize withholding information from the public or limiting the availability of records to the public.
26 U.S.C. §1445(b)(2) imposes mandatory withholding of 10% upon a “Transferor”, meaning a Seller of real property located in the “United States” (District of Columbia), who fails to provide a Taxpayer Identification Number on their “Certificate of Non-Foreign Status.
TITLE 26 > Subtitle A > CHAPTER 3 > Subchapter A > § 1445
§ 1445. Withholding of tax on dispositions of United States real property interests(b) Exemptions
(1) In general
No person shall be required to deduct and withhold any amount under subsection (a) with respect to a disposition if paragraph (2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) applies to the transaction.
(2) Transferor furnishes nonforeign affidavit
Except as provided in paragraph (7), this paragraph applies to the disposition if the transferor furnishes to the transferee an affidavit by the transferor stating, under penalty of perjury, the transferor’s United States taxpayer identification number and that the transferor is not a foreign person.
The above statute does not impose a DUTY to obtain a number, but only to disclose the number if they have one under threat of withholding if they don’t.
The term “Transferor” is defined at 26 U.S.C. §1445(f)(1) as the person disposing of United States real property, meaning real property owned by the U.S. government and not private parties. 26 U.S.C. §897 further characterizes the “Transferor” as a “nonresident alien individual” or “foreign corporation”. Consequently, one would not be a “Transferor” subject to withholding, even without a number, if:
By following the procedures given above to rebut any association with an identifying number, you will go a long way toward eliminating it from government records. The other important thing is to make sure that:
3.1 IRS Form W-8BEN submitted to financial institutions and/or employers
3.2 IRS Form W-4 (which you SHOULDN'T be
using). See the free
Federal and State Tax
Withholding Options for Private Employers, Form #04.101 book for
the reason why.
3.4 Jury summons responses.
3.6 Driver's license
3.6.1 Driver's license application (OFFSITE LINK)-get a driver's license without an SSN
3.6.2 Change of Address
3.7 Job applications.
3.8 Tax returns (by revoking your signature on all past returns filed).
Below are some additional resources that may prove useful for those who want to remove SSNs from government records and liberate themselves from the position of compelled "Trustee":
For detailed procedures on how to quit Social Security and how to live without a Social Security Number, please refer to the following resource:
Yet another approach to avoid using the "government's" numbers is to either use all zeros. The following Social Security publication indicates on pages 16 and 29 that if the subject of the W-2 report does not have an SSN, then the number “000-00-0000” can be used:
|
Social Security Publication
42-007: Specifications for Filing Forms W-2 Electronically http://sedm.org/Forms/Tax/FormW2/R07efw2.pdf |
Another useful approach is to use the same number as they use, but to give it a new name so that they can’t use it as an SSN or TIN and can only use it as an account number. This prevents them from being able to presume that you are a “taxpayer” or that the number is THEIR number. The following authorities support of this approach.
26 CFR §301.6109-1(1)(i) authorizes anyone to send a request to the IRS and the Social Security Administration which allows the status of THEIR number to be changed into the equivalent of a "Nontaxpayer Identification Number" or "NIN" for short that belongs to a nonresident alien not engaged in a "trade or business".
“. . .A person may establish a different status for the number by providing proof of foreign status with the Internal Revenue Service…Upon accepting an individual as a nonresident alien individual, the Internal Revenue Service will assign this status to the individual’s social security number. . .
[26 CFR §301.6109-1(1)(i)]
We have found no IRS publication that identifies EXACTLY what would satisfy the requirement for "proof" mentioned above, but we believe that either of the following two forms would suffice:
2.1 An AMENDED IRS form W-8BEN prepared per the instructions at:
http://sedm.org/Forms/Tax/Withholding/W-8BEN/AboutIRSFormW-8BEN.htm
2.2 Our Affidavit of Citizenship, Domicile, and Tax Status, Form #02.001
Every correspondence you send the IRS should include proof of your "foreign status" such as that in the previous step, and a brief explanation that any numbers included in the correspondence. By "Foreign status", they mean that you are a "nonresident alien" as defined in 26 U.S.C. §7701(b)(1)(B) with no "trade or business" earnings, and all of whose estate is a "foreign estate" as defined in 26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(31). They should say that the number, if it is included, is:
3.1 Is NOT "Social Security Number" or "Taxpayer Identification Number".
3.2 Is a PRIVATELY ISSUED number called a "Nontaxpayer Identification Number" whose use is privileged, copyrighted, and licensed. That number happens to match the same number in IRS systems but is NOT an SSN or TIN.
3.3 Belongs to a "nonresident alien" not engaged in a "trade or business" as defined in 26 CFR §1.871-1(b)(i).
The only occasion where we would take the above approach is ONLY if we are sending in corrected information returns. We would not use it in any correspondence or tax returns we send to the IRS because they are handled by individual people, whereas the Information Returns are processed and scanned by computer, and the computers won't automatically fix the erroneous information returns unless they can do numeric matching. This approach of using a SUBSTITUTE NIN would be used, for instance, in submitting any of the following IRS forms:
One form useful in removing the false presumption that you are a Social Security franchise participant who has a Social Security Number is the following form, which the SEDM Member agreement mandates that all members must attach to every standard government form they submit that has not been amended to remove false and prejudicial presumptions about their status:
|
Tax Form Attachment,
Form #04.201 http://sedm.org/Forms/FormIndex.htm |
Other than in the above specific circumstances, we suggest ALWAYS do the following when either responding to federal or state collection correspondence or sending in a tax return:
The banking industry maintains a website called "Bankers Online". On their website, they feature a pamphlet for use by bank personnel regarding the use of TINs by customers who do not wish to have or use them. Below are links to this important document:
If a bank pressures or compels you to provide a TIN when you want to open an account, you should ask them for the regulation that authorizes them to compel use of such a number. Chances are, they will cite 31 CFR §103.121, which says in pertinent part:
Title 31: Money and Finance: Treasury
PART 103—FINANCIAL RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING OF CURRENCY AND FOREIGN TRANSACTIONS
Subpart I—Anti-Money Laundering Programs
Anti-Money Laundering Programsb) Customer Identification Program: minimum requirements—
(1) In general. A bank must implement a written Customer Identification Program (CIP) appropriate for its size and type of business that, at a minimum, includes each of the requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section. If a bank is required to have an anti-money laundering compliance program under the regulations implementing 31 U.S.C. 5318(h), 12 U.S.C. 1818(s), or 12 U.S.C. 1786(q)(1), then the CIP must be a part of the anti-money laundering compliance program. Until such time as credit unions, private banks, and trust companies without a Federal functional regulator are subject to such a program, their CIPs must be approved by their boards of directors.
(2) Identity verification procedures. The CIP must include risk-based procedures for verifying the identity of each customer to the extent reasonable and practicable. The procedures must enable the bank to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of each customer. These procedures must be based on the bank's assessment of the relevant risks, including those presented by the various types of accounts maintained by the bank, the various methods of opening accounts provided by the bank, the various types of identifying information available, and the bank's size, location, and customer base. At a minimum, these procedures must contain the elements described in this paragraph (b)(2).
(i ) Customer information required—
(A) In general.
The CIP must contain procedures for opening an account that specify the identifying information that will be obtained from each customer. Except as permitted by paragraphs (b)(2)(i)(B) and (C) of this section, the bank must obtain, at a minimum, the following information from the customer prior to opening an account:
(1) Name;
(2) Date of birth, for an individual;
(3) Address, which shall be:
(i) For an individual, a residential or business street address;
(ii) For an individual who does not have a residential or business street address, an Army Post Office (APO) or Fleet Post Office (FPO) box number, or the residential or business street address of next of kin or of another contact individual; or
(iii) For a person other than an individual (such as a corporation, partnership, or trust), a principal place of business, local office, or other physical location; and
(4) Identification number, which shall be:
(i) For a U.S. person, a taxpayer identification number; or
(ii) For a non-U.S. person, one or more of the following: a taxpayer identification number; passport number and country of issuance; alien identification card number; or number and country of issuance of any other government-issued document evidencing nationality or residence and bearing a photograph or similar safeguard.
Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A)(4)(ii): When opening an account for a foreign business or enterprise that does not have an identification number [EIN], the bank must request alternative government-issued documentation certifying the existence of the business or enterprise.
(B) Exception for persons applying for a taxpayer identification number. Instead of obtaining a taxpayer identification number from a customer prior to opening the account, the CIP may include procedures for opening an account for a customer that has applied for, but has not received, a taxpayer identification number. In this case, the CIP must include procedures to confirm that the application was filed before the customer opens the account and to obtain the taxpayer identification number within a reasonable period of time after the account is opened.
(C) Credit card accounts. In connection with a customer who opens a credit card account, a bank may obtain the identifying information about a customer required under paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) by acquiring it from a third-party source prior to extending credit to the customer.
For the purposes of the above, the following terms are also defined in the regulation above:
Title 31: Money and Finance: Treasury
PART 103—FINANCIAL RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING OF CURRENCY AND FOREIGN TRANSACTIONS
Subpart I—Anti-Money Laundering Programs
Anti-Money Laundering Programs(a) Definitions. For purposes of this section:
(7) U.S. person means:
(i) A United States citizen; or
(ii) A person other than an individual (such as a corporation, partnership, or trust), that is established or organized under the laws of a State or the United States.
(8) Non-U.S. person means a person that is not a U.S. person.
A "U.S. person", is defined in 26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(30) as a "citizen", "resident", or federal corporation.
TITLE 26 > Subtitle F > CHAPTER 79 > Sec. 7701.(a) When used in this title, where not otherwise distinctly expressed or manifestly incompatible with the intent thereof—
(30) United States person
The term ''United States person'' means -
(A) a citizen or resident of the United States,
(B) a domestic partnership,
(C) a domestic corporation,
(D) any estate (other than a foreign estate, within the meaning of paragraph (31)), and
(E) any trust if -
(i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust, and
(ii) one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
All of the above have in common a domicile within the "United States", which is defined in 26 U.S.C. §7701(a)(9) and (a)(10) as the District of Columbia. See our article below for further details:
Why Domicile and Becoming a "Taxpayer" Require Your Consent, Form #05.002
Therefore, persons born in and domiciled within states of the Union are "nonresident aliens" and "nationals but not citizens" pursuant to 8 U.S.C. §1101(a)(21) and 8 U.S.C. §1452 who are not required to have or to provide a TIN for opening a bank account. See also:
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